{"id":"W4413243876","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v17i2.035","title":"Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: “Some Basis in Fact” and the Certification of Common Issues","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plaintiff; Certification; Law; Proposition; Basis (linear algebra); Jurisprudence; Class (philosophy); Supreme court; Test (biology); Common law; Legislation; Political science; Law and economics; Computer science; Sociology; Epistemology; Mathematics; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009478605,0.00005510225,0.0001951813,0.00006156123,0.0004633818,0.00002902999,0.0001864337,0.00001963985,0.0007392516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006158694,0.00004858888,0.0000477324,0.0003943971,0.0001349871,0.0001199107,0.00002646853,0.000141738,0.00001538853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003564019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000235393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4238997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6790755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989129,0.0003770737,0.0002469788,0.00013324,0.0001816994,0.0001481477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994096,0.00009592684,0.0001351202,0.0002049217,0.00003661251,0.0001177803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001068865,0.00005996279,0.001884199,0.000476652,0.00002960949,6.763784e-7,0.002012873,0.0000358426,0.00005193931,0.8387094,0.01289141,0.1438368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001626432,0.000005147976,0.002345192,0.0000845551,0.00002397864,4.602162e-7,0.001280187,0.00006124491,0.000008123281,0.0005035085,0.9954665,0.00005849437],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07377929,0.1811352,0.00006127008,0.6335023,0.0005608486,0.00703396,0.0004758133,0.00006368134,0.1033876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9373403,0.05872248,0.0000466351,0.002253496,0.00005482131,0.000258898,0.00002894309,0.000007553308,0.001286866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9825751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8094286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0829923196441618,"score_gpt":0.3618721441761079,"score_spread":0.2788798245319461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}