{"id":"W4413244027","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v15i1.075","title":"Trends in Environmental Class Actions in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"International Environmental Law and Policies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Redress; Harm; Class (philosophy); Variety (cybernetics); Pleading; Law and economics; Action (physics); Certification; Property (philosophy); Law; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001025218,0.0001383859,0.0001829032,0.000114,0.00004185362,0.000008842297,0.0001612714,0.00004099215,0.03720933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004966095,0.0001462842,0.000051127,0.0002565666,0.00003847055,0.0001902332,0.00003115598,0.0001994882,0.001655797],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00920119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001425773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.991059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988527,0.0000525075,0.0002697958,0.0002503053,0.000241636,0.0003331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995433,0.0000214642,0.00006069903,0.000200574,6.516073e-7,0.0001732763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000830067,0.00007089102,0.8590627,0.0001136068,0.0000166112,0.00006252878,0.00005828081,0.004522086,0.002277686,0.002337757,0.05026182,0.08120769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009779644,0.000005272256,0.3539754,0.00007719141,0.000003140209,0.000009865034,0.00002667866,0.0001645134,0.00002885983,0.000005291503,0.6454884,0.0001176225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7965881,0.000884478,4.13271e-7,0.003855992,0.0004094951,0.0003007225,0.00009603095,0.000005973875,0.1978588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834571,0.002694934,0.000009274137,0.005522115,0.00001723181,0.00003623986,0.0000711131,0.0000132711,0.008178701],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5952266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01625305003502211,"score_gpt":0.24046446187395,"score_spread":0.2242114118389279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}