{"id":"W4413244123","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v16i1.077","title":"The Death of Champerty: Is Third Party Litigation Funding the New Normal in Class Actions?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Lawsuit; Statute; Political science; Supreme court; Legislature; Law; Res judicata; Legislation; Commission; Class (philosophy); Business; State (computer science)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006282595,0.0001650344,0.0003177032,0.001073922,0.01911613,0.01342373,0.001835364,0.006118627,0.01403011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01991946,0.000376995,0.0002505778,0.001259899,0.01567633,0.005873758,0.003542886,0.007364958,0.0008307904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.08432551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09288424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8628725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.932126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991322,0.001059915,0.0001814587,0.0008957473,0.003629908,0.002911071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9864581,0.003820086,0.001437091,0.0006428086,0.004243681,0.003398211],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008483756,0.00003344667,0.01436109,0.00009446422,0.00001458077,0.001347137,0.03449478,0.0001602483,0.0003437858,0.7762714,0.1331986,0.0395955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002880182,0.00004631663,0.02590968,0.0006029325,0.00003948767,0.0006257237,0.03159828,0.0005282027,0.0007723901,0.03159538,0.9081452,0.0001076399],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1513209,0.006530115,0.002070339,0.2940265,0.001404516,0.00007191228,0.0003151393,0.00005831482,0.5442023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8486292,0.002734054,0.0004511266,0.01936914,0.0005460275,0.0000322303,0.00008601831,0.00003941948,0.1281128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8628725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6118273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1091087828144898,"score_gpt":0.2748520729138414,"score_spread":0.1657432900993516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}