{"id":"W4413257235","doi":"10.1111/nph.70426","title":"How evolution repeatedly builds complexity: a case study with <scp>C<sub>4</sub></scp> photosynthesis in <i>Blepharis</i> (Acanthaceae)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Phytologist","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Acanthaceae; Photosynthesis; Botany; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002630144,0.0002471691,0.000352254,0.00006566164,0.0004045827,0.0001382864,0.0002912837,0.0001778767,0.00000681077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001480864,0.0001163312,0.00007815593,0.001014442,0.0001991696,0.0002792146,0.0001337836,0.0002764854,0.00001457916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001650021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005140029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01474782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09140451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983239,0.0001954221,0.0002074588,0.0005778478,0.0002323678,0.0004630699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992422,0.0003258812,0.0001234376,0.0001254887,0.00006689133,0.000116084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002538072,0.001201311,0.76955,0.00003259723,0.0001205726,0.003039552,0.0003463575,0.00005300362,0.1893704,0.0003226276,0.01754161,0.01816812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002289957,0.001676849,0.891206,0.0002070195,0.0002337525,0.001046071,0.02660797,0.0004280981,0.06200353,0.001370837,0.01248429,0.0004456013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965306,0.0001748606,0.00008006603,0.001154172,0.000130175,0.000538907,0.00008036134,0.0001675037,0.001143388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992645,0.00003726693,0.00005999591,0.0001736607,0.00007659988,0.00001995115,0.0000387423,0.000001228704,0.0003280275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1273669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9918131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02613437797177402,"score_gpt":0.2166455041773132,"score_spread":0.1905111262055392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}