{"id":"W4413275837","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01191-w","title":"Contrasting historical trends of atmospheric rivers in the Northern Hemisphere","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Climate Program Office; Biological and Environmental Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Institutes of Health; Office of Science; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Northern Hemisphere; Climatology; Physical geography; Geography; Southern Hemisphere; Environmental science; History; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00109254,0.0001513338,0.0002275333,0.000003637393,0.0003120595,0.00004813112,0.000568715,0.00005677497,0.0003223249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000125638,0.000109021,0.00005279861,0.002153104,0.0008501192,0.0002787815,0.0002806558,0.0001437067,0.000008851309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003971626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004469039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001166448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005512761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982773,0.00005327882,0.0003370119,0.0004693299,0.000397548,0.0004655122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992787,0.0001989941,0.0001087404,0.0003269704,0.00001796811,0.00006863967],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004213279,0.0002297916,0.884528,0.00004587868,0.00000478529,0.000008319238,0.001981864,0.005054163,0.008954295,0.001036655,0.0002272707,0.09788682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001410238,0.0002153501,0.8300945,0.0001276894,0.00006271355,0.00001752921,0.002901683,0.1524264,0.00036989,0.002690077,0.009151575,0.0005323378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9556668,0.0001562983,0.0002981358,0.0005462647,0.0001214143,0.0001141028,0.000002210633,0.00002173757,0.04307303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954481,0.0001284698,0.003767052,0.0003056262,0.000008218208,0.00001322088,6.244929e-7,0.000004890852,0.0003238336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1473723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4445748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01014244441390409,"score_gpt":0.2329930102971582,"score_spread":0.2228505658832541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}