{"id":"W4413327954","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127703","title":"Investigation of the frost limits of a liquid-to-air membrane energy exchanger (LAMEE) under subzero air temperatures","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Frost (temperature); Materials science; Heat exchanger; Liquid air; Environmental science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Nuclear engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004334741,0.0001427721,0.0002737514,0.0003553393,0.00003963303,0.00001942674,0.0003911641,0.00009580803,0.0000547103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006979626,0.0001007805,0.000166724,0.000244364,0.0001126835,0.0001575548,0.00002259711,0.0001754265,5.066952e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005185425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001274071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001704504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001092724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983791,0.0002549211,0.0006403935,0.0001441654,0.0004635903,0.0001178216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988243,0.0001929032,0.00007993395,0.0001634879,0.0006636589,0.00007573771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006883186,0.00004420757,0.001664471,0.00003839496,0.0003333756,0.000004502606,0.0009474755,0.002432693,0.967156,0.02561417,0.0003077294,0.0007686577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001036794,0.00012846,0.01534839,0.0002685113,0.00006962976,0.00002244796,0.0001278004,0.00007254462,0.9702068,0.003759036,0.008863431,0.00009618028],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9516788,0.0006398399,0.03129302,0.0142465,0.00127248,0.00009637585,0.00002773683,0.00001015116,0.0007351112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995382,0.0002040184,0.001803926,0.001940126,0.0001366438,0.000006643985,0.000007041804,0.00001499679,0.0005046661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04370316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4109709,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02126921067826934,"score_gpt":0.2766940272916394,"score_spread":0.25542481661337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}