{"id":"W4413332524","doi":"10.1016/j.procs.2025.07.184","title":"Soil pH Prediction Using Deep Learning: An Ensemble Approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Procedia Computer Science","topic":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Ensemble learning; Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005142977,0.0001147239,0.00009763551,0.00009807283,0.0005495026,0.0001877817,0.0004589391,0.00003634758,0.00001826987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005769909,0.0001117377,0.000019598,0.0009807727,0.0003720548,0.0005617553,0.0004349496,0.0001376927,0.00002577323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000142042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007158635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001030723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001086946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984945,0.00002398812,0.0001584122,0.0005716188,0.0003857232,0.0003657421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995509,0.00002510239,0.00005847635,0.0002064592,0.00003434017,0.0001246892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000106063,0.000230312,0.1119553,0.00005686302,0.000008012037,0.000004471203,0.002957672,0.4417624,0.0279547,0.002994016,0.0003779856,0.4116877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001159257,0.00004512893,0.03455368,0.00001127448,0.000006390729,0.00001015937,0.00004994963,0.9622166,0.0009453841,0.001252663,0.0006792231,0.0001136884],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2659825,0.00001415182,0.7247642,0.00002269905,0.0003681204,0.0001123356,5.149824e-7,0.00008775995,0.008647766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8723633,0.000004661139,0.1272388,0.000182643,0.00007431775,0.000009069692,0.000002882992,0.000005504748,0.0001188436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6063808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4556532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01457459038128477,"score_gpt":0.2350478643565754,"score_spread":0.2204732739752906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}