{"id":"W4413341622","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v26i3.8468","title":"Which is Better: E-Book or Printed Book? A Meta-Analysis of Educational Materials in Language Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Educational Methods and Media Use","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Computer science; Educational technology; E learning; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01975778,0.002081482,0.01335898,0.006387582,0.0006547902,0.003870264,0.001509768,0.001978244,0.003660978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05100174,0.0009938253,0.03383895,0.005752823,0.0008450477,0.002713149,0.001350937,0.002371987,0.0003245317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002359287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003620379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004334884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008833555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9866629,0.007398369,0.00338833,0.001108613,0.001181535,0.0002602611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9729375,0.02142168,0.002804963,0.0008624274,0.001618456,0.000355026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005677459,0.0001206188,0.002531006,0.3310325,0.6266556,0.00009971965,0.0002078899,0.0003329672,0.0003654704,0.0002837594,0.0006150282,0.03207796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001431613,0.0006410815,0.002574916,0.02610057,0.9667727,0.0000714619,0.00007650294,0.0001116773,0.0002151422,0.0002826244,0.00169909,0.00002266451],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":"meta_analysis","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009281605,0.9876408,0.001054718,0.00033766,0.000392534,0.0004941666,0.0003178258,0.00002729355,0.0004533612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2755365,0.7130058,0.0054884,0.001801099,0.0004987342,0.002162395,0.0008196591,0.00006914261,0.000618173],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01975778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1044905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1378519136811637,"score_gpt":0.5118499663878178,"score_spread":0.3739980527066541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}