{"id":"W4413345215","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2025.0046","title":"Deep learning for disease outbreak prediction: a parallel LSTM-CNN model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Brock University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Convolutional neural network; Machine learning; Noise (video); Outbreak; Warning system; Data mining; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006704914,0.0008481001,0.0005515085,0.0004474547,0.0002279637,0.0005879724,0.001264089,0.0009992656,0.001738655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001997081,0.0003932783,0.0005188046,0.0005400698,0.0003597421,0.001225405,0.0007255742,0.001454304,0.0004195627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001008971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001194534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01641884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01717553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998459,0.0000262142,0.00001080272,0.00005774502,0.00002638608,0.0000329955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996291,0.0001559964,0.00004762452,0.00003200404,0.0001057864,0.00002936144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000126515,0.00009695943,0.003325761,0.00005301333,0.00007319328,0.00008959298,0.00003385671,0.9248248,0.001799877,0.002345648,0.002166372,0.06506436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002134105,0.000006051399,0.0001068737,0.000002026207,0.000003708913,0.00000409245,0.000001662877,0.9990236,0.0001410713,0.0006341549,0.00007335169,0.00000133753],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2616276,0.00210932,0.72269,0.002324864,0.0003369965,0.0000877792,0.00138338,0.002509274,0.006930648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9523321,0.0003860437,0.0417713,0.000280014,0.00006919072,0.00007304931,0.0009740256,0.00004239034,0.004071872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01641884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03264654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09206658499645572,"score_gpt":0.3865315045906856,"score_spread":0.2944649195942299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}