{"id":"W4413371388","doi":"10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3600616","title":"6G WavesFM: A Foundation Model for Sensing, Communication, and Localization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); Computer science; Geography; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005704147,0.00009042728,0.0001559377,0.00004757884,0.0006506896,0.0001744813,0.001650912,0.00009397524,0.000001664381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001135373,0.00007366527,0.0001094225,0.0003215302,0.0002167575,0.0002748464,0.0003698769,0.0002301707,5.210194e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000123702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009364541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008139889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003957026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993052,0.00006844399,0.0003926852,0.0000583357,0.00008164287,0.00009369891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982435,0.0001654095,0.0001791409,0.001018551,0.0003743117,0.00001904678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003316958,0.0001259738,0.0007701415,0.0002180137,0.0005941332,6.291523e-8,0.008181587,0.655911,0.002432529,0.08687644,0.1856652,0.05919173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004597364,0.000007030746,0.00006474838,0.0001275228,0.00006377011,0.000004843672,0.0006576871,0.9567026,0.00164468,0.02010964,0.02008147,0.00007625986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001995116,0.001105717,0.9899237,0.004429529,0.0001815424,0.0004478496,0.000006550863,0.00005626457,0.001853704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9138231,0.003093384,0.08214096,0.000462735,0.00001000803,0.00001311502,0.000009233875,0.00001614682,0.0004313655],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9118279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5004644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03394985587141263,"score_gpt":0.3044749513084352,"score_spread":0.2705250954370225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}