{"id":"W4413371388","doi":"10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3600616","title":"6G WavesFM: A Foundation Model for Sensing, Communication, and Localization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); Computer science; Geography; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004846663,0.0008016064,0.0005298309,0.0004369504,0.000238033,0.0005957723,0.001216323,0.0009568334,0.001618127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001266799,0.0003462873,0.00070909,0.0005103277,0.0004316572,0.0009591436,0.001001179,0.00140387,0.0007633305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000500772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008058667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007016565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008230838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997872,0.0000587907,0.000008043199,0.00004749302,0.00006862784,0.00002994396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997583,0.00009611197,0.00003219578,0.00003648562,0.0000553715,0.00002144358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001075229,0.00006001068,0.001095133,0.00006907141,0.00007165289,0.0001362476,0.0000587965,0.8463219,0.004796841,0.02524762,0.00780197,0.1142333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003789628,0.00001432241,0.00009958755,0.000004400383,0.000003465441,0.00001616443,0.000003344986,0.9946523,0.0002807666,0.003873203,0.001044846,0.000003826044],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0163717,0.0004149663,0.978009,0.0005259595,0.00009850075,0.00003475597,0.0005101949,0.001025334,0.003009651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6499469,0.001494172,0.3325386,0.000755834,0.0002443991,0.0003605023,0.002540146,0.0003152355,0.01180429],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007016565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01395148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03394985587141263,"score_gpt":0.3044749513084352,"score_spread":0.2705250954370225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}