{"id":"W4413380203","doi":"10.15376/biores.20.4.palaniappan","title":"Environmentally friendly composites from agricultural residue biomass for lightweight applications in new generation structures: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","keywords":"Environmentally friendly; Materials science; Residue (chemistry); Composite material; Biomass (ecology); Agriculture; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008086744,0.0002119874,0.0002736291,0.00009760621,0.000187255,0.0001317695,0.0004395283,0.00009957116,0.0001191825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002227839,0.0001503303,0.00008849022,0.0002665567,0.00005994039,0.0001580788,0.00008333395,0.00007278559,0.00003178257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009307636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003937414,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003636949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001935831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987108,0.00005351022,0.0004004245,0.0004220748,0.0001813736,0.0002317903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993087,0.0001574295,0.0001395167,0.0002979276,0.00002414181,0.00007228758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001403551,0.00001385848,0.0006898169,0.000093529,0.00001190024,4.082189e-7,0.00008424319,0.00002084511,0.9895324,0.001836408,0.007268247,0.000434385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003813619,0.00003900789,0.009832324,0.0002831463,0.00005876725,0.000001073985,0.00004039922,0.00007076938,0.9189143,0.0007582975,0.06939278,0.0002277507],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9545656,0.03812659,0.003082586,0.001623384,0.0001541131,0.001712511,0.0001794496,0.0001064219,0.0004493736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.947458,0.0006348087,0.04606121,0.001140951,0.0006461785,0.0004472168,0.001786586,0.00003077956,0.001794252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.070618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6130292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009665003367149707,"score_gpt":0.2423870096598642,"score_spread":0.2327220062927145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}