{"id":"W4413383358","doi":"10.1080/03610470.2025.2530859","title":"Wort Nitrogen and Yeast Strain Drive Thiol Release, Flavor Expression, and Fermentation Performance in Beer","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","topic":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lallemand (Canada)","funders":"Lallemand; Curtin University of Technology; Oregon State University","keywords":"Fermentation; Flavor; Yeast; Food science; Chemistry; Strain (injury); Brewing; Thiol; Nitrogen; Free amino nitrogen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Biochemistry; Chromatography; Biology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001745074,0.00005693468,0.0001563505,0.000007553246,0.00007983529,0.0000163536,0.00009389227,0.00001979104,0.000008608723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001942195,0.00002325134,0.00009691214,0.0002468862,0.0001389378,0.00007540047,0.00003520834,0.00009800944,8.092056e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000253297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001071823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000204139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003593625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994712,0.00003526521,0.0002110276,0.0000777737,0.0001316302,0.00007304043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995522,0.00004507114,0.0002948756,0.00002605629,0.00005166331,0.00003007209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002366485,0.0000202309,0.09630261,0.00001341799,0.00002862539,1.977187e-7,0.0005609276,0.00001853089,0.8917894,8.365543e-7,0.0002877356,0.01095386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000228516,0.00004194273,0.865633,0.000148393,0.00003133337,0.000007210454,0.00706144,0.00030218,0.1262545,0.00007843343,0.0001544335,0.00005865774],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983473,0.00007670606,0.000002789934,0.001454143,0.00001103357,0.00003320298,0.000004369696,0.000002049178,0.00006842457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998749,0.0002435163,0.0002911269,0.0005634858,0.00002083826,6.936027e-7,0.000001721156,4.223473e-7,0.0001291606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7693303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09481619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00933681488434751,"score_gpt":0.2352817262359143,"score_spread":0.2259449113515668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}