{"id":"W4413384586","doi":"10.54097/z12aav41","title":"The Three Waves of Globalization: Evolution, Impacts, and Future Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Highlights in Business Economics and Management","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Economic geography; Business; Economics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002290909,0.00005362284,0.00007255789,0.00007474856,0.0002234789,0.00006049299,0.0001012584,0.00002994496,0.000003968747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005260116,0.00004014366,0.000008448157,0.000105852,0.0001043759,0.0001080293,0.00007345874,0.00001131305,5.276935e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006411396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003323346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001467806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007551536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995971,0.00001265206,0.0001414177,0.0001107451,0.00004458548,0.00009349265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997941,0.00002291512,0.00005139813,0.00006167096,0.00005606205,0.00001383792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007138996,0.000008811204,0.0004003197,0.00004070784,0.00002355474,3.284903e-7,0.0002822969,0.000008507231,1.959406e-7,0.9938652,0.0002967542,0.005066215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001249724,0.00000145343,0.3300045,0.00003006279,0.000004408669,6.289345e-8,0.000536805,0.00003323006,0.000001232802,0.03967755,0.629549,0.00003676043],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04523413,0.01989849,0.0002748687,0.587571,0.002323851,0.0006196164,0.000005022037,0.00002548812,0.3440476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2720954,0.7264875,0.000156215,0.0000705788,0.000113862,0.00001130414,0.000002183029,0.000002328123,0.001060637],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9541876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4213935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009068621736196382,"score_gpt":0.2338683093673061,"score_spread":0.2247996876311097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}