{"id":"W4413384586","doi":"10.54097/z12aav41","title":"The Three Waves of Globalization: Evolution, Impacts, and Future Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Highlights in Business Economics and Management","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Economic geography; Business; Economics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003121169,0.0002751469,0.0003854831,0.001205977,0.002157273,0.00606314,0.0006872166,0.001603642,0.004751007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002790518,0.0001750118,0.0004748416,0.002547708,0.004752673,0.008548064,0.004251802,0.002457967,0.0003909704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002561855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003618178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00514347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007933921,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987211,0.0004859979,0.00004596243,0.0001129047,0.0001993564,0.0004347668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978921,0.0005941454,0.0003932353,0.000159501,0.0003806413,0.0005803898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002419877,0.0003528379,0.145111,0.0009390943,0.00007581583,0.001361775,0.04117281,0.0008039274,0.001756381,0.3508925,0.02719803,0.4300939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002026307,0.0002576635,0.2178486,0.001865704,0.00006496753,0.001303366,0.2350114,0.001062933,0.0008369141,0.156117,0.3854618,0.0001494119],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.543022,0.0684543,0.006196066,0.2745266,0.002031527,0.0001047716,0.0008307878,0.0001323743,0.1047016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9343183,0.04620253,0.003410875,0.009845054,0.0008513382,0.00008249568,0.0002794428,0.00004211844,0.00496769],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00606314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01858765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009068621736196382,"score_gpt":0.2338683093673061,"score_spread":0.2247996876311097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}