{"id":"W4413386130","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2025.2545849","title":"Attribution of Changes in Canadian Precipitation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Attribution; Environmental science; Climatology; Geology; Psychology; Meteorology; Geography; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002944224,0.00006274206,0.00009405555,0.00000614319,0.00004024088,0.000006859563,0.0001036725,0.0000653606,0.0009254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004707028,0.00006518509,0.00001960466,0.0003219269,0.00005948469,0.00008563455,0.00004239861,0.00005374461,0.00003276218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003994771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004593077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3691119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7924729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999362,0.00003622435,0.0001377569,0.0001658038,0.00008693252,0.0002112652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997044,0.00003775811,0.00003205563,0.0001558389,0.000007843458,0.00006210226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000107443,0.00004956645,0.981298,0.00001989575,0.000004361123,0.000001005994,0.0007009694,0.008673356,0.0005979996,0.003511974,0.00105778,0.004074289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003625991,0.00005147123,0.9578749,0.00005246661,0.00001229626,4.382964e-7,0.0002474326,0.01440387,0.001776452,0.006084657,0.01899814,0.0001352831],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873039,0.00002083508,0.0001327774,0.0009177357,0.00008359443,0.00017623,0.00001298628,0.0000117126,0.0113402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988147,0.00001706186,0.0003449983,0.0001814118,0.000005455859,0.000002913245,0.0000164489,0.000003499593,0.0006135193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.423361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0121629780085532,"score_gpt":0.2379367544466994,"score_spread":0.2257737764381462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}