{"id":"W4413386130","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2025.2545849","title":"Attribution of Changes in Canadian Precipitation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Attribution; Environmental science; Climatology; Geology; Psychology; Meteorology; Geography; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000923214,0.0002872016,0.0001845015,0.001678247,0.0009394193,0.0013289,0.0005786692,0.0002022954,0.001297226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005697749,0.0001239933,0.0003435469,0.002651361,0.0004315373,0.0003015976,0.0007973972,0.0004300907,0.0001430383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009875858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01083584,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9550143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9538171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992115,0.00004492045,0.00003281408,0.0002195084,0.0003045919,0.0001866016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970337,0.000292442,0.0004920852,0.0002448947,0.001716032,0.0002208559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009429549,0.00001315332,0.9475742,0.00004730617,0.0001253351,0.0000847483,0.0004924054,0.008483208,0.001535662,0.001725443,0.004597112,0.03522718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005161822,0.000006074797,0.9763099,0.00001811423,0.00002697034,0.00003611495,0.0003345401,0.015279,0.001057691,0.0003516588,0.006550097,0.00002477582],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630188,0.0002992092,0.004011286,0.0005368674,0.00006335392,0.00004485214,0.01750041,0.0003341264,0.01419113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924798,0.0001445755,0.001369264,0.00003326242,0.000009143921,0.000006672823,0.004784815,0.00002671095,0.001145877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04498565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09050113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0121629780085532,"score_gpt":0.2379367544466994,"score_spread":0.2257737764381462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}