{"id":"W4413422912","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123015","title":"Direct U–Pb dating of vitrinite in coal","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Geology","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council; Science and Technology Innovation Group of Shanxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geology; Vitrinite; Geochemistry; K–Ar dating; Coal; Vitrinite reflectance; Mineralogy; Mining engineering; Paleontology; Archaeology; Source rock; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003192264,0.000265181,0.0003150483,0.001020097,0.0005938414,0.0008843776,0.0005992271,0.0005301663,0.0017035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007300259,0.0002140193,0.0001200952,0.0004888113,0.0004981718,0.000423537,0.0006184372,0.0003829333,0.00037709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004919563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003506769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004355915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006361925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997304,0.00003949523,0.00001040844,0.00009704041,0.00008141767,0.00004122535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998167,0.000044049,0.00002092378,0.0000311676,0.00007266089,0.00001445183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00168835,0.0001214468,0.06889682,0.0002753854,0.0001028278,0.0004973405,0.0007652077,0.00188057,0.8722508,0.002673293,0.0005698321,0.05027813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007110654,0.0004523483,0.08332766,0.00006755102,0.00009283208,0.0008038466,0.0004869493,0.006896873,0.8908542,0.0007934721,0.01613493,0.00001814621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867994,0.0009814388,0.003094155,0.0000388345,0.00003500341,0.00001501447,0.0002236919,0.00004630879,0.008766226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995461,0.0002264443,0.001099367,0.00001052517,0.000006600847,0.000003754112,0.00009191217,0.00001471518,0.003085534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004355915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008661091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0108117734771948,"score_gpt":0.2162766860325642,"score_spread":0.2054649125553694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}