{"id":"W4413424719","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c01600","title":"A Bottom-Up Approach Integrating Computer Vision with Material Flow Analysis to Estimate the Recycling Potential of Distributed Solar Panels Using Satellite Imagery","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Satellite imagery; Remote sensing; Satellite; Environmental science; Computer science; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Geography; Aerospace engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009488844,0.001121856,0.0008437166,0.00420704,0.0004572632,0.001577473,0.0012432,0.0009303378,0.001099945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002355984,0.0006582952,0.001409931,0.00159331,0.0005340455,0.001342026,0.001222605,0.0008271345,0.0004451488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007533295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001198671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01132793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0127784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994786,0.00006863265,0.00002885468,0.0001924718,0.0001750014,0.00005647791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991589,0.0002685817,0.0001209623,0.00009719958,0.0003145826,0.00003974386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001078802,0.0003203908,0.01671742,0.0002215996,0.0002390495,0.0001719383,0.0002206048,0.4642317,0.03039833,0.004019008,0.001973663,0.4813783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004751772,0.00002729402,0.002148989,0.000008344728,0.0000161246,0.0000254293,0.00003311666,0.9906064,0.004208246,0.002374577,0.0005291452,0.0000175723],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02963412,0.00009324192,0.9669201,0.00006653032,0.00002008728,0.000111169,0.0002233675,0.001574544,0.001356776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3607983,0.0001023734,0.637109,0.00005965538,0.00003096575,0.0001663427,0.0005720779,0.0001337838,0.001027401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01132793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005021089904862271,"score_gpt":0.2424266068768131,"score_spread":0.2374055169719508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}