{"id":"W4413459118","doi":"10.1109/icoct64433.2025.11118370","title":"A Web-Based Framework for Real-Time Sign Language Translation: Integrating Gesture and Speech for Enhanced Accessibility","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Gesture; Sign language; Speech translation; Translation (biology); Sign (mathematics); Natural language processing; Speech recognition; Machine translation; Artificial intelligence; Human–computer interaction; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006402026,0.0001521283,0.0002502427,0.00009443256,0.000141036,0.0002350878,0.0003127186,0.0001737841,0.00002088965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002738327,0.0001193011,0.00009326911,0.0003634359,0.00002431186,0.0002290618,0.00002692749,0.0001074214,0.000003786119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002592061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001479056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001386259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006149642,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988122,0.00007825974,0.0003005848,0.0004787522,0.0001221553,0.0002080701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976074,0.001723635,0.00008598511,0.0003498057,0.0001757385,0.00005751287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001148236,0.0001137818,0.0002327948,0.0006527917,0.0000590335,0.00000206752,0.002682907,0.00001281311,0.09547605,0.02835777,0.001302465,0.8709927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00713885,0.0005503185,0.002000175,0.001550787,0.000100676,0.000007003618,0.001212398,0.3439435,0.5387123,0.09723214,0.006400134,0.001151796],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01457077,0.0001040232,0.9766154,0.001786014,0.0001951761,0.00126928,0.00001938053,0.0002740635,0.005165886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4709564,0.000001960319,0.5278791,0.0003641993,0.00007389148,0.0002233902,0.00001128799,0.000006139447,0.0004837391],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8698409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4864958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01853643801768657,"score_gpt":0.3189462519482502,"score_spread":0.3004098139305636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}