{"id":"W4413466463","doi":"10.2196/74947","title":"Paradox of AI in Higher Education: Qualitative Inquiry Into AI Dependency Among Educators in Palestine","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preprint; Palestine; Dependency (UML); Qualitative research; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology; Mathematics education; History; Social science; Ancient history; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000964389,0.0001906146,0.0004092274,0.0008871484,0.00005053803,0.00001424677,0.0001881152,0.0003820061,0.001097883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002062938,0.0001855748,0.000068277,0.001658865,0.0003114887,0.0002433272,0.00003345645,0.0007938343,0.0000386348],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005728069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01568036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005728095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001438226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972706,0.0003083918,0.00117415,0.0004220882,0.0005231312,0.0003015838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982769,0.0003717951,0.0001906278,0.0003879415,0.0004536404,0.0003191336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000170465,0.005103062,0.6201686,0.001036555,0.0000183625,0.000002587939,0.09366653,0.000001994774,0.00007084208,0.0144074,0.02378166,0.2415719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002443284,0.0001719555,0.8502334,0.003574671,0.00003459467,0.000006393334,0.08549359,0.00008318418,0.0007884771,0.05381903,0.005314943,0.0002354054],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9082021,0.001095984,0.00004890687,0.08243238,0.005558384,0.0008834937,3.82114e-7,0.0000257599,0.001752594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867302,0.00008764581,0.0002883302,0.008883511,0.0007420254,0.0008776948,0.0001011093,0.0000165031,0.002273048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2413365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1106325326675303,"score_gpt":0.538387078879158,"score_spread":0.4277545462116277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}