{"id":"W4413472187","doi":"10.1109/tcst.2025.3598255","title":"QUADFormer: Learning-Based Detection of Cyber Attacks in Quadrotor UAVs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Southern University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Computer science; Computer security; Real-time computing; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005189993,0.0007964832,0.0006052791,0.0005896805,0.0001975565,0.000377282,0.0007585345,0.0005657432,0.001274281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001464716,0.0002196489,0.0003149396,0.000333472,0.0004160507,0.0007842368,0.0007722684,0.0005297256,0.0004807663],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002723649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005534278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001866846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002134537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997554,0.00003654364,0.00001233732,0.00007730492,0.0000814521,0.0000369596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995486,0.0001394174,0.00007769658,0.00005888035,0.0001238919,0.00005142468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005300918,0.0001985337,0.00430397,0.0001351222,0.00005934912,0.0003795769,0.0001262567,0.3028154,0.06942807,0.003819284,0.003864364,0.6143399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001454189,0.0001172947,0.0005711707,0.000003900056,0.000007031672,0.00009688122,0.00001135707,0.9901135,0.007619467,0.0008380898,0.0005995704,0.000007238254],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03246915,0.0001587526,0.9647879,0.00009267802,0.00004789861,0.00005335574,0.00005811745,0.00154417,0.0007880788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6621739,0.0002251929,0.3335294,0.0002307681,0.00004816916,0.00008263835,0.000327052,0.0001286303,0.003254304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001866846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004262924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005583503395023089,"score_gpt":0.2270823246285528,"score_spread":0.2214988212335297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}