{"id":"W4413481024","doi":"10.3390/universe11090284","title":"Ball Lightning as a Profound Manifestation of Dark Matter Physics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Universe","topic":"Biofield Effects and Biophysics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Dark matter; Astronomy; Ball lightning; Astrophysics; Theoretical physics; Nuclear physics; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002937283,0.0003722312,0.0003126674,0.0009328151,0.00101105,0.00173582,0.0006148723,0.00116392,0.002162573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005566287,0.0001512199,0.0004018034,0.0006218994,0.00290804,0.001862803,0.001593155,0.001597092,0.0002256944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005896197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002743587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006357463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005002512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998498,0.00004116575,0.00000736948,0.00003169971,0.00003825732,0.00003172028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997595,0.00006747081,0.00006893778,0.00003057351,0.0000293821,0.000044136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002578866,0.00003144248,0.001871326,0.000174694,0.0000121996,0.001393745,0.001501029,0.0009722078,0.002620774,0.9788874,0.003668439,0.008840871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001408714,0.00006551437,0.006541919,0.0001639866,0.00001991721,0.002499601,0.001171787,0.006351873,0.0007033391,0.947723,0.03469929,0.00004565992],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4223508,0.04714884,0.08973025,0.01581373,0.001640959,0.0001687656,0.0006079809,0.000483329,0.4220552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9706853,0.008274996,0.009007428,0.001148832,0.001143828,0.00005665575,0.0001761708,0.00004113747,0.009465716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002162573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007234514,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006108516792455087,"score_gpt":0.2482529506655461,"score_spread":0.242144433873091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}