{"id":"W4413484904","doi":"10.5539/elt.v18n9p43","title":"An Observational Study on Challenges of Using AI tools in EFL Writing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Education and Learning Interventions","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Xi'an Shiyou University","keywords":"Psychology; Observational study; Mathematics education; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00119639,0.00007395099,0.0001142403,0.0002440624,0.0000956678,0.0001117088,0.0003941315,0.00002991359,0.00001175238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008466543,0.00007819701,0.00003882523,0.0001897244,0.000008902924,0.0005102172,0.00006428242,0.000373856,0.000001051701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005211933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005215486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001320525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005625258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988446,0.0004107622,0.000253356,0.0002251524,0.0001464143,0.0001197333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992736,0.0002507997,0.00007158097,0.0003351882,0.00004578392,0.00002305298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004271255,0.001698419,0.1559536,0.00005010769,0.0000278951,0.00001180641,0.5207425,0.003958959,0.0009852165,0.2621175,0.00003676655,0.05441293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079058,0.000212297,0.594872,0.0007031626,0.00001025668,0.000001115427,0.3729305,0.02934249,0.0002769768,0.0003953428,0.0002271714,0.000238119],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824854,0.000148294,0.01259314,0.0004027049,0.0002912655,0.0001196172,8.347911e-7,0.00009827945,0.003860523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933109,4.973419e-7,0.006300414,0.0002133692,0.00008431287,0.000008630223,0.000003119215,0.000004878533,0.00007387385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4389184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3188782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1370069530970434,"score_gpt":0.4216012154430943,"score_spread":0.2845942623460509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}