{"id":"W4413486286","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95830-4_9","title":"The Return of Conscription: War, Militarization, and Statecraft in the Twenty-First Century","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"World-systems evolution and global futures","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"","keywords":"Militarization; Political science; Ancient history; History; Economic history; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006004278,0.0002922207,0.0005476477,0.000206657,0.0004872139,0.00006104101,0.0002119894,0.0001836184,0.00001684481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007934001,0.0002156221,0.0001113779,0.0001768871,0.000472199,0.00006961488,0.00009006605,0.0002257803,0.00001215618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001804928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003694267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00424459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02432821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983432,0.00004794667,0.0008616289,0.0003996457,0.00009420905,0.0002533562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989633,0.0001623129,0.0003686418,0.0003712382,0.00008560446,0.00004892579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003458908,0.00001075667,0.01125953,0.0002040143,0.00009479964,0.000001349023,0.0007067509,0.00000716672,3.810131e-8,0.8932719,0.09424727,0.000161888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003320917,0.00003291955,0.02401684,0.0001940229,0.00002734018,0.000007501914,0.001325782,0.00008430483,2.860998e-8,0.0672022,0.906575,0.0002020028],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005468105,0.5720493,0.00004316047,0.004485028,0.002532369,0.0007460198,0.00174356,0.00002584272,0.4178279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6943989,0.08484371,0.00002808542,0.0007010532,0.0007825645,0.00007138889,0.0001338908,0.00002971399,0.2190107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8260697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01338992122012989,"score_gpt":0.2134633800267265,"score_spread":0.2000734588065966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}