{"id":"W4413574381","doi":"10.64628/aaj.cyanaqh47","title":"The impact of COVID-19 has been lower in Africa. We explore the reasons","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Virology; Political science; Geography; Medicine; Outbreak; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002555961,0.0004117911,0.0009174349,0.0003199988,0.0002155449,0.0003760719,0.001340812,0.0004276496,0.001419558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00449219,0.0002710161,0.0007200569,0.0005824708,0.000304181,0.0001352546,0.001266896,0.001036818,0.000121279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001330736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001617524,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01399962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001926724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971728,0.0001203099,0.001176441,0.0007623731,0.0001030648,0.0006649974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995248,0.001600123,0.0008765536,0.001963387,0.00006051407,0.0002514447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005148898,0.001193048,0.4472808,0.0008161719,0.002352385,0.0001562383,0.0817531,0.07018746,0.00004345416,0.06562301,0.3262581,0.003821411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003038849,0.0003329352,0.167923,0.0004444472,0.00008352248,0.00003036942,0.008026165,0.01427318,0.00005348619,0.268218,0.5353072,0.002268874],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6782982,0.05669035,0.01152464,0.1562901,0.003400708,0.003836074,0.001713678,0.0002561358,0.08799016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918908,0.004550382,0.0001038344,0.0006348363,0.0001242527,0.0001211326,0.00003390819,0.00005200363,0.002488774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3135927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1942925688373736,"score_gpt":0.326977389015219,"score_spread":0.1326848201778454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}