{"id":"W4413574381","doi":"10.64628/aaj.cyanaqh47","title":"The impact of COVID-19 has been lower in Africa. We explore the reasons","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Virology; Political science; Geography; Medicine; Outbreak; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001955342,0.0004259861,0.0004197291,0.0008997135,0.0008279963,0.003250516,0.0004668414,0.001067757,0.02154793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01006867,0.0001503761,0.0003751136,0.001541538,0.001126901,0.002484771,0.001395297,0.00239177,0.001116963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002270475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001546122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03175527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02171266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998723,0.0003580526,0.00004160482,0.0001231566,0.0002155536,0.0005386921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955648,0.001787642,0.001481754,0.0001336488,0.0006709402,0.0003612902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009443169,0.0002637057,0.3027469,0.002479055,0.0005419638,0.003193715,0.002667154,0.02498152,0.004645622,0.43505,0.07710035,0.1453857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001250914,0.0006082822,0.4464417,0.002757546,0.0004104511,0.002316292,0.01172026,0.01619746,0.005419061,0.1875007,0.3263603,0.0001429572],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5279554,0.03303041,0.01540934,0.1318637,0.002470098,0.0001650664,0.01091143,0.0001465136,0.2780479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779465,0.007503404,0.0008280081,0.003312503,0.0005997324,0.00002774108,0.001061496,0.00005270033,0.008668005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03175527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07208502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1942925688373736,"score_gpt":0.326977389015219,"score_spread":0.1326848201778454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}