{"id":"W4413582870","doi":"10.64628/aam.uku77af44","title":"Virtual labs can help students learn, but they can’t replace hands-on experience","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Computer science; Internet privacy; Multimedia; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000158735,0.0003417159,0.000278695,0.0001421139,0.00008840573,0.00009552322,0.0006758233,0.0002378173,0.001064956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004726837,0.0003244476,0.00008070881,0.0001242594,0.00003291342,0.00002876055,0.0005207474,0.000966814,0.00004397485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004482154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007493613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009233607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001487456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982004,0.00002911564,0.0002873847,0.0004776974,0.0006351334,0.0003703346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990472,0.0000483739,0.00003653254,0.0006334364,0.00002442288,0.0002100584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001006204,0.0006975333,0.005377813,0.001941414,0.0006854946,0.00009604609,0.05384385,0.7630627,0.002677383,0.00137058,0.1443866,0.02575998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005747797,0.002734936,0.04948156,0.002293001,0.000329333,0.0001027889,0.03802392,0.1243624,0.03325395,0.001230839,0.7314853,0.01095417],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876012,0.0001103142,0.0007767784,0.0007530143,0.00516639,0.0002813815,0.0000636253,0.0009729103,0.004274382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9836839,0.0003325499,0.0001297823,0.0002411838,0.0003699826,0.0003400817,0.0001689303,0.00007535468,0.01465819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6387002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0149713350233638,"score_gpt":0.2610613577848416,"score_spread":0.2460900227614778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}