{"id":"W4413639536","doi":"10.64628/aam.fk5ujngnj","title":"Biology is complex and diverse, so scientific research approaches need to be too","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Data science; Biology; Computational biology; Management science; Evolutionary biology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0467498,0.002214975,0.004487935,0.003947748,0.005013043,0.0234485,0.004682405,0.007384282,0.0112627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08183414,0.001982981,0.002349679,0.003222351,0.02076866,0.04219751,0.01445828,0.0201923,0.01249485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00531223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009516316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002793121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002325239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9702562,0.009772813,0.001641976,0.003967822,0.01360104,0.0007602764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8851914,0.06399793,0.003944934,0.02718594,0.01364619,0.00603355],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000308886,0.0004751303,0.004481175,0.004416683,0.0009266714,0.0004576416,0.001680317,0.004333635,0.008947722,0.6066111,0.100853,0.2665079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005362185,0.00004531175,0.001870625,0.0005309973,0.00007676765,0.0004230507,0.0007764568,0.001851291,0.0009548309,0.8185228,0.1747842,0.0001101142],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.009471768,0.07669847,0.4192112,0.4173819,0.01573868,0.0004776036,0.0014086,0.00308403,0.05652769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.122284,0.07820882,0.6790676,0.06888478,0.02162838,0.001081569,0.002656125,0.002756487,0.0234323],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9532502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2472395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2323055331555246,"score_gpt":0.3951245427159705,"score_spread":0.1628190095604459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}