{"id":"W4413721972","doi":"10.3390/catal15090806","title":"Algae to Biofuels: Catalytic Strategies and Sustainable Technologies for Green Energy Conversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysts","topic":"Algal biology and biofuel production","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Kara Technologies; Alberta Innovates; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","keywords":"Biofuel; Sustainable energy; Biochemical engineering; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Business; Natural resource economics; Biotechnology; Biology; Engineering; Economics; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001571638,0.0001516655,0.0001849917,0.0002336117,0.0002372671,0.00004593264,0.0001859295,0.0002271217,0.000003849463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001288495,0.0001291222,0.0000415115,0.0003669086,0.0001764537,0.0002464353,0.0002012438,0.000069211,0.00001418047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006843674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000847979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002898598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002530736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999033,0.00001839986,0.0001558613,0.0003984464,0.00004747853,0.0003468113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994441,0.00005355759,0.00004271449,0.0002969117,0.0001291171,0.00003362465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004844004,0.00008007456,0.0007251425,0.0009610206,0.0002616202,0.00002499876,0.0003410309,0.00003251925,0.04252583,0.7935388,0.01378945,0.1472351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006690479,0.0002512064,0.0005593271,0.00004300081,0.00009897423,0.00001386503,0.01012139,0.00006027311,0.4248737,0.1256894,0.4372457,0.0003741521],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.87341,0.0217935,0.01291,0.04309311,0.002108697,0.002531887,0.00008933391,0.003308515,0.0407549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865037,0.0000607181,0.0001481136,0.0002246457,0.00004701159,0.00008354442,0.0001349801,0.000008743411,0.01278851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6678494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.526545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009255386724201772,"score_gpt":0.2390400856028039,"score_spread":0.2297846988786021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}