{"id":"W4413735532","doi":"10.1017/pds.2025.10207","title":"Generating preinventive structures: AI-driven creativity in product repurposing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Design Society","topic":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Repurposing; Creativity; Product (mathematics); Computer science; Psychology; Engineering; Mathematics; Social psychology; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002715046,0.0001377174,0.000172335,0.00003748545,0.0001089601,0.00006455949,0.0002205275,0.00007157779,0.000004012126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001078685,0.0001096985,0.00009418902,0.0003638968,0.0000465423,0.0002347429,0.00007003911,0.0002189409,1.470753e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001054686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002901547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008184614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.807098e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992582,0.000008150825,0.00022935,0.0001997479,0.0001313579,0.0001732127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996603,0.00003014614,0.00008138182,0.00008459845,0.0001278021,0.00001575753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001405055,0.00003134983,0.009532301,0.001289944,0.0001144743,1.004142e-7,0.005459907,0.907526,0.06765081,0.001325701,0.003515428,0.003539977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002414286,0.00000919466,0.002460636,0.0002901678,0.00003225277,6.742122e-7,0.0002527293,0.4743768,0.518847,0.003206437,0.0001363414,0.0001463691],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8710866,0.001403776,0.1201309,0.0003658573,0.0005228394,0.001697623,0.000005805584,0.0003919993,0.004394583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95968,0.00007030857,0.03990527,0.00006584897,0.00003818695,0.00003617507,7.69971e-7,0.00001708609,0.0001864057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4511962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4473377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01294865347688623,"score_gpt":0.2293545037084977,"score_spread":0.2164058502316115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}