{"id":"W4413746133","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03520","title":"A Method for Quantifying Low-Temperature Oxidation Coke Formation during In Situ Combustion of Heavy Oil","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coke; In situ; Combustion; Environmental science; Chemistry; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000646454,0.00108462,0.0004050072,0.001588135,0.0005104673,0.00040967,0.000571071,0.0007997044,0.0007256165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009682435,0.000384709,0.0004132243,0.0008701626,0.0003993526,0.0004718488,0.0003624755,0.001000397,0.0004017557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005101232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005808051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001738494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005879862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999356,0.00005940154,0.00003396597,0.0002179954,0.0002874539,0.00004516317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994839,0.0001325756,0.0001369392,0.00006575655,0.0001552891,0.00002556499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003650526,0.00002235324,0.0008064037,0.0001235149,0.00001491831,0.00002653215,0.00004042318,0.0001949862,0.9900069,0.0001201532,0.00006888021,0.008538527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004038938,0.00008047282,0.003146589,0.00001375093,0.00003085943,0.0001146023,0.00003306468,0.004009958,0.9907715,0.00006540809,0.001710865,0.00001890924],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4404202,0.003539901,0.5496179,0.0001388921,0.0002751063,0.0004660886,0.0015192,0.001124121,0.00289867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6378317,0.003098311,0.3530056,0.0001341385,0.00004764834,0.0008670783,0.00101301,0.0001502683,0.003852243],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001738494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00370127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01313346257358282,"score_gpt":0.2812070151494225,"score_spread":0.2680735525758397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}