{"id":"W4413754496","doi":"10.1016/j.ucl.2025.07.005","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Urologic Clinics of North America","topic":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Hyperplasia; Prostate disease; Prostate; Gynecology; Urology; Pathology; Internal medicine; Cancer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002064757,0.0004275591,0.002856648,0.0003446081,0.00002895637,0.000009081774,0.0002477269,0.0002207028,0.00006988664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008941973,0.0003151561,0.0005744087,0.0009295697,0.0002412024,0.0000232341,0.0001193284,0.0005883385,0.0000685561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001275006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001060462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003737127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005928156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969186,0.0001464517,0.001683961,0.0006526922,0.00023127,0.0003670085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969295,0.001486848,0.0007647341,0.0006073416,0.00009243368,0.0001190959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000698874,0.0007616936,0.004821504,0.007917645,0.0001598742,0.000169712,0.00003163701,0.00001955061,2.342505e-9,0.00006638713,0.0001154596,0.9858667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001449912,0.002601998,0.0005985169,0.007550537,0.001761997,0.00001962634,0.00001859777,0.00004677186,3.857871e-7,0.0004721063,0.9864928,0.0002917416],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000213569,0.9963349,0.00007018285,0.0001857912,0.000247499,0.002042851,0.0002356855,0.00003412165,0.0006354294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005207687,0.9965857,0.001351594,0.0004454598,0.0000590884,0.0004798287,0.0004636523,0.00002516617,0.00006871882],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9863773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07173015951563919,"score_gpt":0.3911955590952345,"score_spread":0.3194653995795953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}