{"id":"W4413776758","doi":"10.1111/dar.70028","title":"Alcohol Excise Taxation, Tax Share and Revenue in the European Union and the United Kingdom in 2022: An Overview and Modelling Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drug and Alcohol Review","topic":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Thinkpath Engineering Services (Canada); Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","funders":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Excise; Tax revenue; Per capita; Ad valorem tax; Indirect tax; European union; Value-added tax; Euros; Revenue; Economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Alcohol consumption; Business; Economic policy; Alcohol; Finance; Environmental health; Medicine; Macroeconomics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002482159,0.0009736607,0.001174285,0.002112722,0.0002907571,0.002534348,0.0009188614,0.001272406,0.003768627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005336071,0.0006310242,0.003869459,0.003510851,0.000371384,0.001485209,0.001416767,0.0008968018,0.0008417997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003202896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009350726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09102886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03846062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989906,0.0005315131,0.00009114111,0.0001551497,0.00009289458,0.0001387487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967769,0.002261797,0.0004869363,0.00009335932,0.0003070429,0.00007394794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006279219,0.0002135848,0.2563643,0.001630388,0.002130264,0.0009532069,0.000617068,0.6844808,0.0002983604,0.01931874,0.008026504,0.0253388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001037793,0.0003265969,0.1702227,0.001534667,0.001066043,0.0006564127,0.001466247,0.7915377,0.0003743092,0.01042363,0.02212976,0.0001581292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8877671,0.03587682,0.03331759,0.002752168,0.0001574093,0.0002748633,0.02439628,0.0003825858,0.01507515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698431,0.00800109,0.00622387,0.0001473782,0.00004219844,0.0002318439,0.01013285,0.00006492002,0.005312647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09102886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.180998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08893141570711563,"score_gpt":0.353454998525397,"score_spread":0.2645235828182814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}