{"id":"W4413780301","doi":"10.20343/teachlearninqu.13.38","title":"Large Online Courses: A Constraint on Instructor Presence and Higher-Level Thinking","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching & Learning Inquiry The ISSOTL Journal","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Mathematics education; Higher education; Constraint (computer-aided design); Computer science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Chemistry; Multimedia; Mathematics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00604745,0.0002348552,0.0002945958,0.0002211698,0.005927166,0.0006918906,0.0006892218,0.000168972,0.0001591422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00415786,0.0001556167,0.0001167269,0.0002547749,0.0006164951,0.0003676463,0.0002009893,0.004497624,0.00001170705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001796378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008790611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000135725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001104101,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956789,0.002165018,0.0004162264,0.0003184992,0.0007369628,0.0006843937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978577,0.001234823,0.0003669543,0.000205324,0.000119483,0.0002156884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001463614,0.0003860484,0.03144943,0.00004119267,0.0002976705,0.000116919,0.1687461,0.00165996,0.0002978395,0.2874328,0.006928221,0.5024974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009834958,0.0001746063,0.01164166,0.0008892354,0.00008048511,0.00006803568,0.1573758,0.0005634303,0.00000872994,0.006319833,0.8215825,0.0003121945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9395323,0.0004309373,0.00304428,0.04156592,0.002379542,0.0002133845,0.000006858581,0.0002574829,0.01256928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849406,0.0002140766,0.003278135,0.001513647,0.002000882,0.000002450382,0.000004738316,0.00002482703,0.008020627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8146543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04985975890717813,"score_gpt":0.3787901548214883,"score_spread":0.3289303959143101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}