{"id":"W4413790742","doi":"10.1257/aer.20220577","title":"Imperfect Competition and Rents in Labor and Product Markets: The Case of the Construction Industry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economic rent; Competition (biology); Imperfect competition; Product market; Industrial organization; Product (mathematics); Imperfect; Economics; Business; Construction industry; Labour economics; Market economy; Microeconomics; Engineering; Incentive","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002355983,0.0006192272,0.001342838,0.001036608,0.0009364166,0.002904436,0.001531305,0.002158581,0.004296874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008138192,0.0007045198,0.001190087,0.001549489,0.002736419,0.002222701,0.001514382,0.001577013,0.0005646144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003134396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001951446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04186602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02974157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989511,0.0004949315,0.00004078503,0.0001241669,0.0001480743,0.00024106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933221,0.00434657,0.001397217,0.0002933384,0.0003548606,0.0002858941],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001302734,0.0002457916,0.01878187,0.0002329657,0.0001408476,0.0005650408,0.0004349476,0.4907302,0.0005335776,0.4636162,0.004514644,0.02007364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001317264,0.0001222045,0.01031547,0.00008086779,0.00009274208,0.0001689496,0.0003645527,0.7560458,0.0001990574,0.2264204,0.005982083,0.00007614008],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7228712,0.007532669,0.2092661,0.006904108,0.0001090533,0.0001819352,0.000700901,0.0001562827,0.05227771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859819,0.00155677,0.007836052,0.0001748159,0.00006325617,0.00005191053,0.0001167211,0.00001444592,0.004204084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04186602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08324462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02245009372562982,"score_gpt":0.3520053835923855,"score_spread":0.3295552898667557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}