{"id":"W4413803092","doi":"10.29173/mlj1436","title":"The Dangers of Police “Operational” Independence","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manitoba Law Journal","topic":"Criminal Law and Evidence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Discretion; Independence (probability theory); Law; Legislature; Statute; Law enforcement; Political science; Legislation; Enforcement; Statutory law; Judicial discretion; Judicial review","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01979643,0.0003924346,0.0005109322,0.001994601,0.01110891,0.006033333,0.00225695,0.003370304,0.001858851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03623283,0.000853425,0.000512087,0.001732512,0.04657202,0.005687541,0.007108719,0.01425032,0.0004911019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01357206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03157348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.210674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1987576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.972412,0.007059367,0.001264665,0.002333121,0.01333781,0.003592952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9692886,0.01253008,0.002841011,0.004559536,0.008578952,0.002201732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003063752,0.0000169138,0.003136257,0.00005874215,0.00001055039,0.0001573533,0.01341472,0.0003116092,0.0002688703,0.948884,0.0145728,0.01913752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006256955,0.00006587494,0.01969196,0.0009185686,0.00003509985,0.0006040567,0.02083318,0.002017185,0.001222845,0.5772761,0.3771088,0.0001638098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1484552,0.006604956,0.03650847,0.3317598,0.001502993,0.0001609894,0.0002760605,0.0002240398,0.4745074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9515487,0.002135666,0.004324657,0.02526776,0.0007193809,0.0001088505,0.00008794914,0.00008206085,0.01572489],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.210674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4188955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02623534859564983,"score_gpt":0.329846069265071,"score_spread":0.3036107206694212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}