{"id":"W4413834052","doi":"10.7717/peerj-cs.3095","title":"The DBCV index is more informative than DCSI, CDbw, and VIASCKDE indices for unsupervised clustering internal assessment of concave-shaped and density-based clusters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PeerJ Computer Science","topic":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Index (typography); Pattern recognition (psychology); Cluster (spacecraft); Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Data mining","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01383517,0.001960095,0.002362411,0.01778585,0.001875395,0.005195496,0.001761144,0.001909513,0.001598096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05388897,0.0004177817,0.001558047,0.01017651,0.002306008,0.003679662,0.003396706,0.002023835,0.00088852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001868905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002730199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005466956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006995841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9889519,0.002612237,0.001475783,0.001961013,0.004445833,0.0005533501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9594584,0.02097571,0.003895714,0.003869658,0.0108494,0.000951179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007578466,0.0005231964,0.3886794,0.001848641,0.001830251,0.0004091602,0.001377711,0.08939096,0.008600365,0.04543247,0.0291357,0.4320144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001800807,0.0007344973,0.1593364,0.0008935875,0.0007873179,0.001933887,0.002600363,0.7203055,0.02718917,0.05871981,0.02665816,0.000661251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.227393,0.006178871,0.7384031,0.0009688095,0.0004722046,0.0008898345,0.005609716,0.002679055,0.01740547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7582375,0.001214955,0.2283431,0.0002533153,0.0002213549,0.0006832452,0.008711247,0.0005014557,0.001833792],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01778585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07316828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04803210815263042,"score_gpt":0.3893183330439155,"score_spread":0.3412862248912851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}