{"id":"W4413897349","doi":"10.2118/226812-ms","title":"From Waste to Value: Techno-Economic Analyses of Lithium Extraction from Oilfield Brine","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brine; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Geology; Chemistry; Engineering; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004669578,0.0002277839,0.000237859,0.001102372,0.0003289566,0.0007657763,0.0002394692,0.00034396,0.001298448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004423321,0.00009981375,0.0003124144,0.0008213875,0.0003456215,0.000518123,0.0003044353,0.0004487096,0.00038698],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003869783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00371804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008227918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996758,0.0000360539,0.00001432974,0.00002347025,0.0002067143,0.00004362551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998626,0.00003544514,0.00002077854,0.000008883157,0.00006323963,0.000009078642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000504447,0.000106587,0.005566421,0.0002264475,0.00002461244,0.0001455275,0.0001085083,0.001151875,0.9769222,0.0003065305,0.00007205281,0.01486482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008064961,0.0002918902,0.0101915,0.00001836554,0.00001997554,0.00009391288,0.0001894077,0.002157769,0.9848748,0.000121858,0.002020198,0.00001223771],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992995,0.000607278,0.003312288,0.00004953592,0.000004749472,0.00004879059,0.0004450746,0.00002297702,0.002514422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941025,0.0006001717,0.002368994,0.00001727336,0.00000309113,0.00003004302,0.0003199605,0.00001596151,0.00254209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00371804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007392824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0192787277941911,"score_gpt":0.3266785279244721,"score_spread":0.307399800130281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}