{"id":"W4413958143","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70392","title":"Clarifying the trophic state concept to advance macroscale freshwater science and management","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecosphere","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Trophic level; Ecology; State (computer science); Anthropocene; Environmental resource management; Environmental ethics; Environmental science; Geography; Biology; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005045361,0.0005527365,0.0003940345,0.003583224,0.001760298,0.004793183,0.0007440367,0.001143144,0.003563322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006259616,0.0001991936,0.0006993109,0.002762159,0.007916555,0.01022453,0.004511195,0.002016639,0.0004028272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004578187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003937939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008227518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01191532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986579,0.0007484275,0.0001220241,0.00017509,0.0002025916,0.00009389828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957567,0.00171456,0.0005884903,0.0004518082,0.001067849,0.0004205548],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001165171,0.00001599196,0.005387485,0.00009616445,0.00001320635,0.00005229074,0.0008835262,0.003753406,0.0003469358,0.9375032,0.004445005,0.04749116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004537298,0.00003211842,0.004736404,0.0004310992,0.00001722306,0.00004516164,0.00131193,0.01195013,0.0002849397,0.9282048,0.05294215,0.00003967193],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1418492,0.01878499,0.5110434,0.1029009,0.003937139,0.0001483828,0.001007908,0.0005304083,0.2197978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8965245,0.006209235,0.08881504,0.002598363,0.0007466805,0.0001409066,0.0002001205,0.00007522505,0.004689833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008227518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03321725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003473316485590787,"score_gpt":0.2198391269068443,"score_spread":0.2163658104212536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}