{"id":"W4413966815","doi":"10.52922/ti77970","title":"Examining the activities and careers of ransomware criminal groups","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks","topic":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer security; Psychology; Criminology; Internet privacy; Computer science; Malware","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001868785,0.000406709,0.0007743456,0.0002938532,0.0002332003,0.00003708215,0.001162968,0.0003568879,0.000008983479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002876004,0.000329296,0.0001544201,0.00003238608,0.002064881,0.0001924659,0.0006982451,0.000474767,0.000001393356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006058566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004942117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003437673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001602617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981892,0.00005458076,0.0005987816,0.0004947277,0.0002904822,0.0003722332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984451,0.0001945675,0.000367585,0.0008220949,0.0001207703,0.00004987862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003379965,0.00001618437,0.00006248156,0.001282787,0.0005188521,0.0000392003,0.006644499,0.000009000118,0.0001704618,0.9482117,0.01187638,0.03113462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004141151,0.002345592,0.006155949,0.004897468,0.00400073,0.0002977903,0.009613106,0.00003591601,0.02894404,0.06432438,0.8723619,0.002881962],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03993464,0.0008933317,0.002034379,0.0004153024,0.002149926,0.000726012,0.00005571866,0.0001254304,0.9536653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4547572,0.0001307581,0.001166079,0.0002397175,0.0001053441,0.00004180775,0.00001748434,0.00001837323,0.5435232],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8838874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09013288437786017,"score_gpt":0.2764601405403005,"score_spread":0.1863272561624404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}