{"id":"W4413982879","doi":"10.3390/higheredu4030048","title":"Learning with Peers in Higher Education: Exploring Strengths and Weaknesses of Formative Assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Higher Education","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Thomas University","funders":"Università degli Studi di Genova","keywords":"Formative assessment; Strengths and weaknesses; Peer assessment; Psychology; Assessment for learning; Mathematics education; Higher education; Pedagogy; Peer evaluation; Political science; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1258849,0.0005999978,0.0007832432,0.004139865,0.001389769,0.005924188,0.002276849,0.0009219917,0.0008092715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2314377,0.0003275103,0.0006108918,0.002541833,0.001933824,0.007520412,0.003718112,0.001138174,0.0001847352],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002696357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004252299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00355663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00785625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8924839,0.07482471,0.004632622,0.002983323,0.02394388,0.001131485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7861522,0.1678421,0.0121019,0.007738636,0.02392577,0.002239383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003359775,0.0007674169,0.1700747,0.001115785,0.0002705258,0.00007343019,0.06315586,0.0006580027,0.001067388,0.003132797,0.0004901625,0.758858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000223081,0.008130636,0.7298808,0.007123518,0.0008314658,0.0009567434,0.1731627,0.02150974,0.01181269,0.01953741,0.0264037,0.0004274303],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9591927,0.003304597,0.02221752,0.002375406,0.0001711425,0.0006672078,0.0000657116,0.00008656084,0.01191914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831685,0.001040927,0.01445447,0.0001696755,0.00006386577,0.0003255798,0.00003619227,0.00001847942,0.000722307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1258849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6657507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05943047214718355,"score_gpt":0.4132873053782435,"score_spread":0.3538568332310599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}