{"id":"W4413984151","doi":"10.3390/en18174713","title":"Development of Process Configurations and Simulation of Biofuel Production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Defence Academy","keywords":"Biofuel; Production (economics); Process (computing); Biochemical engineering; Environmental science; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Waste management; Economics; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007895631,0.0009524316,0.0006377632,0.0007098445,0.00053566,0.001098685,0.001098972,0.0008905847,0.002290572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00172767,0.0005241855,0.0009004127,0.0007984362,0.0004365483,0.0008680504,0.0007909543,0.0007036086,0.0003137723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001138223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001834023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00607707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004410444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996862,0.00008482284,0.00002933972,0.0000583135,0.00009126208,0.00005004905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993175,0.0003532749,0.00006182822,0.00008692476,0.000138534,0.00004189895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000813345,0.00005614284,0.001853369,0.00009554983,0.00001616932,0.00005725578,0.00003652099,0.9868479,0.003137657,0.001529985,0.0001363009,0.006151806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002488014,0.00005887767,0.0002956347,0.00001186499,0.00001004837,0.00001390227,0.00003141472,0.9902203,0.007081429,0.0009134157,0.001328494,0.000009643062],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7397758,0.0007740608,0.2302036,0.0003230395,0.0001236623,0.0006088987,0.003042077,0.002272093,0.02287682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9374002,0.0004550323,0.05888548,0.00002297171,0.000006087792,0.0004068728,0.001314225,0.00009538943,0.001413867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00607707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01208341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0107727770861549,"score_gpt":0.2434490080140423,"score_spread":0.2326762309278874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}