{"id":"W4413988624","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12854","title":"33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Nano","topic":"Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Army Research Office; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; University of California, Los Angeles; U.S. Army; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; National Research Foundation of Korea; U.S. Air Force; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Seoul National University; University of Toronto; National Research Foundation; National Nuclear Security Administration; Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation; Lefkofsky Family Foundation; Boston University; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Maryland; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative; Hartwell Foundation; New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research; National Science Foundation; Toyota Research Institute; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; Alzheimer's Association","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Applications of nanotechnology; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0146472,0.0009722568,0.001692506,0.001869841,0.005484084,0.007908231,0.003289951,0.009761703,0.008073405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01777385,0.0005074256,0.0009017323,0.001637117,0.02519717,0.02280717,0.006642655,0.01378175,0.003170607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004081842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007692269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001884529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001991145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99404,0.002349668,0.0002864666,0.0008021376,0.001985251,0.0005366144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9884712,0.007614866,0.0005127878,0.0007868278,0.001765157,0.0008491903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003132501,0.00007435252,0.0002641764,0.0006182613,0.00002028537,0.0001885094,0.001104703,0.0006311822,0.0003713279,0.8891166,0.06277223,0.04480704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000614625,0.0000181135,0.0001235363,0.0003562814,0.00000382028,0.0001123619,0.001075685,0.000273953,0.00009289738,0.862362,0.1355562,0.00001908884],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003111577,0.2792273,0.01055262,0.6553436,0.01352792,0.00003416049,0.0001437234,0.00008304916,0.03797613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.19908,0.48092,0.02701926,0.2064111,0.05690073,0.0003653508,0.0003088636,0.0002007155,0.02879392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0146472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07746273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006916279054007563,"score_gpt":0.2408169429044608,"score_spread":0.2339006638504532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}