{"id":"W4413988629","doi":"10.1108/pijpsm-02-2025-0028","title":"Authoritarian policing during the pandemic and its consequences for police stress in Taiwan","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policing An International Journal","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Authoritarianism; Pandemic; Criminology; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Political science; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Psychology; Law; Virology; Medicine; Democracy; Outbreak; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00109374,0.0001008735,0.0001217959,0.000354921,0.001366711,0.0004889287,0.0004921808,0.00007640754,0.00002709952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003228199,0.00008346465,0.00005315524,0.0001924556,0.0001763398,0.0006415867,0.00005274326,0.0003467436,0.000001935198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002893895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000330854,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4637932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5175888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986864,0.0002491699,0.0002949352,0.0001522824,0.0002647541,0.0003524747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991601,0.0003028677,0.0001566657,0.00008041273,0.0001874574,0.0001124893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008645158,0.00006821995,0.6510826,0.00001913517,0.0001105135,0.000003413889,0.200682,0.0004273232,0.004299877,0.1373268,0.0001280614,0.005765596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001143088,0.00005238867,0.9444146,0.0004639456,0.00004863908,0.0001285982,0.04044779,0.00148235,0.0002556384,0.007530105,0.003761144,0.0002717042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716119,0.0000138617,0.00007098287,0.02131161,0.000739823,0.0001455794,0.00003563847,0.00003098428,0.006039606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960872,0.0003956591,0.0001021629,0.00077807,0.001502438,0.00001234213,0.000002179329,0.000007763668,0.001112218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.293332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06008747700375219,"score_gpt":0.4365469559267418,"score_spread":0.3764594789229896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}