{"id":"W4413998695","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2025.1636446","title":"A utility value intervention to support student engagement in online upper-level undergraduate courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Education","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"University of California, San Diego; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Adelphi University","keywords":"Student engagement; Value (mathematics); Intervention (counseling); Computer science; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Psychology; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001264026,0.0003345505,0.0003894444,0.0004226642,0.000596952,0.000819481,0.0007149183,0.0004986174,0.01236066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006374551,0.0001447664,0.000369535,0.0002659928,0.0004227341,0.0005203367,0.001427902,0.0007727222,0.0004078034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001296806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006067985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00131425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990858,0.0004881594,0.00003241144,0.00009588981,0.0001282443,0.0001694571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972743,0.001269684,0.0003435378,0.00009461291,0.0001126769,0.0009051083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009309136,0.08124279,0.02653531,0.001487087,0.0001715943,0.000224323,0.003022935,0.0009487031,0.006730146,0.002635229,0.007964414,0.8597283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02785816,0.1737746,0.6360959,0.003883917,0.001511628,0.0007223712,0.01459132,0.01852038,0.03110468,0.02208121,0.06956608,0.000289782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891909,0.0002304087,0.002762106,0.0007254557,0.0001068651,0.0008953945,0.0000793819,0.0002002524,0.005809288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883854,0.0002522089,0.007032919,0.0003467265,0.00004444359,0.001468661,0.00006759216,0.00001210706,0.00238992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01236066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04135054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03324310778832916,"score_gpt":0.4117985305832454,"score_spread":0.3785554227949163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}