{"id":"W4414034266","doi":"10.63878/jalt1179","title":"ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF VOWEL VARIATION IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH: 13 VARIETIES 13 CITIES","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and TESOL (JALT)","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vowel; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Mid vowel; Geography; Mathematics; Speech recognition; Computer science; Formant; Physics; Astrophysics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002594928,0.0002045605,0.0002309637,0.0006644049,0.0007445191,0.0007347136,0.0001775376,0.0002231926,0.001148939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006802211,0.0001592927,0.0002348103,0.001111438,0.0005236719,0.0002494505,0.0005844491,0.0001803729,0.0002296087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003355408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002561471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009843789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01853743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997695,0.00003185237,0.00002020741,0.00008292506,0.00005958639,0.00003582509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996369,0.00008851494,0.00006708696,0.00003426186,0.0001320182,0.00004118479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007890468,0.00009677894,0.8592821,0.0001230704,0.0001525898,0.0009425304,0.01638447,0.0006227462,0.05570745,0.0003425344,0.0004551093,0.06510159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004069699,0.0000543108,0.9932964,0.00000424627,0.00002144919,0.0002247752,0.004603196,0.0001979309,0.001093118,0.00003595344,0.0004558917,0.000008681113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992086,0.00001841372,0.0001570886,0.000006001262,0.000001223582,0.000005178471,0.00009528115,0.000002837238,0.0005054618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991744,0.00003224492,0.0003461423,0.000004907566,0.000001902421,0.00001053009,0.0001989078,0.00000392821,0.0002270512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009843789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01957297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01018932532759766,"score_gpt":0.2846047216456107,"score_spread":0.274415396318013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}