{"id":"W4414044299","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100996","title":"Fractal complexity in visual nature: Perceptual preferences of leaf silhouettes and implications for biophilic design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trees Forests and People","topic":"Color perception and design","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fractal; Silhouette; Perception; Natural (archaeology); Fractal dimension; Relaxation (psychology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001393748,0.0001070243,0.000207992,0.0001497853,0.00008895358,0.00002150692,0.00008090548,0.0001476042,0.0002444996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004055473,0.00009296765,0.0000355725,0.0001817673,0.0001679215,0.00005243009,0.00003052643,0.0001131023,0.000003001175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009269754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003025785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004061267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0151976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992918,0.00006467311,0.0001961496,0.0002472092,0.00004214345,0.000157995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993326,0.0004124606,0.00004739964,0.0001276549,0.00003798935,0.00004185895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005479733,0.0004016621,0.8845759,0.00006133943,0.00004876689,3.854009e-7,0.006147891,0.000008309109,0.002450145,0.06385814,0.005370036,0.03652942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007339497,0.0002791308,0.9828745,0.00001355588,0.00001869699,0.000002983684,0.0009273319,0.0003640841,0.00003795139,0.01433026,0.000326909,0.00009062445],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947234,0.0005152797,0.002311276,0.0009426793,0.00007707743,0.0004417716,0.00005431872,0.00002418147,0.0009099527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989166,0.00004125714,0.0004601624,0.0001317398,0.00002494849,0.0001056695,0.00002920641,0.000006159833,0.0002843052],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09829859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8480619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07038565267631465,"score_gpt":0.3813257240663045,"score_spread":0.3109400713899899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}