{"id":"W4414052806","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5405100","title":"The European Union’s Handling of Hybrid Threats: In Search of the Enlargement Dimension","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Dimension (graph theory); Representation (politics); Feature (linguistics); Intersection (aeronautics); Matching (statistics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01375474,0.0001493655,0.0002375246,0.00009729371,0.0006179237,0.00005270119,0.00109035,0.0000467765,0.00001202745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002046188,0.00008484641,0.0002220614,0.0002059122,0.0005670157,0.00004815765,0.0005479611,0.002795015,0.00000364285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006167894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004935493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001967315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006813799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993282,0.003962131,0.0005577877,0.0002078523,0.0005524323,0.001437779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989848,0.0002490213,0.0002117987,0.0003439543,0.0001539458,0.00005655499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002474589,0.00008063005,0.002131457,0.00005302959,0.0001371301,0.000005357223,0.002763937,0.0006514157,0.00002328615,0.9778696,0.00006365097,0.01619582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005320773,0.0001497801,0.008879369,0.001183714,0.00007637846,0.00001096733,0.04161477,0.00007892787,0.0002847111,0.9434981,0.003456356,0.0002348486],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4424136,0.03724895,0.0009958872,0.01142818,0.001782889,0.000930205,0.00003276225,0.00002898622,0.5051385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647462,0.02710096,0.00001606113,0.00002241886,0.0001865253,0.000001155403,0.000001464642,0.000009230794,0.007915954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5223327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01749849466192515,"score_gpt":0.2947591388918086,"score_spread":0.2772606442298834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}