{"id":"W4414058109","doi":"10.1093/mnras/staf1466","title":"Square Kilometre Array Science Data Challenge 3a: foreground removal for an EoR experiment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; McGill University","funders":"European Social Fund; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Instituto de Física de Cantabria; Universidad de Cantabria; Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; Center for High Performance Computing; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kumamoto University; Nagoya University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Albert Ellis Institute; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; University of Nottingham; European Regional Development Fund; European Commission; Scuola Normale Superiore","keywords":"Residual; Observatory; Reionization; Spectral density; SIGNAL (programming language); Mean squared error; Power (physics); Observational error","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004314205,0.0002218309,0.0003288226,0.00004535824,0.0005077634,0.00009294617,0.002147976,0.00007578654,0.00004316476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001794012,0.0001734176,0.000285518,0.0002765708,0.0006711644,0.0003695124,0.0006252403,0.0002051225,0.000001759583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001291854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002174613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003376714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002145852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983093,0.00002825272,0.0003946617,0.0006297418,0.0001722546,0.0004657811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981242,0.00009996662,0.0002325142,0.001363914,0.00009559202,0.00008380575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003322046,0.0047402,0.2485673,0.0002230453,0.001823208,1.302369e-7,0.001922601,0.3935943,0.002340834,0.1525668,0.01189889,0.1819906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002845927,0.0004911079,0.06962603,0.0001177786,0.0003070817,1.280941e-8,0.00822991,0.8522391,0.01286444,0.002056382,0.05056217,0.000660026],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861256,0.0001274136,0.009093761,0.001310312,0.0003433854,0.0006420919,0.0003328311,0.00003697736,0.00198757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9552235,4.608501e-8,0.04408534,0.00002086485,0.0001983597,0.00008047867,0.00009159397,0.00001504289,0.0002847955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4586449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7071767,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02925413804651608,"score_gpt":0.2811986366046945,"score_spread":0.2519444985581785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}