{"id":"W4414062125","doi":"10.1093/brain/awaf313","title":"Skin intraneural phosphorylated α-synuclein is a highly specific biomarker for early Parkinson’s disease","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain","topic":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Brain Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Occupational Cancer Research Centre; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Parkinsonism; Biomarker; Disease; Atrophy; Prospective cohort study; Gold standard (test); Medical diagnosis; Essential tremor","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001368507,0.0002984494,0.0003668013,0.0002177245,0.0001437877,0.0000621085,0.0001354775,0.0001098004,0.0003774389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007550893,0.0002634961,0.0003162114,0.0003785511,0.00006264078,0.00008040477,0.00004329425,0.0000993015,0.00014429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001323598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001617154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005739887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005014585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983371,0.00004590694,0.0003060006,0.0006118665,0.0002415865,0.0004575271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988415,0.0001075092,0.00006829081,0.0004898158,0.00008363238,0.0004092184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02008281,0.004047096,0.08217219,0.0007881793,0.002521845,0.002105873,0.0008620096,0.000001976089,0.02953318,0.008972792,0.6026017,0.2463104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005376113,0.0001603896,0.4256482,0.0001442285,0.000265997,0.000004494465,0.00002334367,0.0004762221,0.007962259,0.001496406,0.5582313,0.0002110294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834816,0.001980803,0.000775461,0.009938553,0.0004392535,0.001459311,0.0004598643,0.000188275,0.001276884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863795,0.00007426239,0.0007719909,0.003863882,0.00008495065,0.0002500942,0.0001637922,0.00004910775,0.00836241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3434761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01835663111831855,"score_gpt":0.2733384610184419,"score_spread":0.2549818299001234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}