{"id":"W4414086843","doi":"10.1101/2025.09.09.675213","title":"The shape of fitness functions and the distribution of mutational effect sizes jointly limit adaptation by regulatory mutations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mutation; Adaptation (eye); Gene; Mutant; Indel; Cytosine; Function (biology); Point mutation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008864623,0.0005473574,0.0007091647,0.0005809377,0.0002182479,0.0009316524,0.0004955192,0.0007595153,0.0009555444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004742705,0.0003304818,0.0003362399,0.0002077709,0.0009808143,0.0005616093,0.0006598306,0.000751864,0.000361765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006611563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002236322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005118377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002884631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993317,0.0001651015,0.00003868882,0.000183976,0.0001869399,0.00009362735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968764,0.001959059,0.0004654482,0.0002888873,0.0001999088,0.0002102809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002155502,0.00006167112,0.006599762,0.00005095149,0.00002957952,0.0001104604,0.00006157944,0.01874064,0.9643911,0.002080039,0.00008860489,0.007570183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004514591,0.0003659144,0.06968498,0.00002392829,0.00005334851,0.0007992084,0.0001260743,0.3246541,0.5957091,0.007290052,0.001164445,0.00008368825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.960173,0.000237017,0.03773702,0.0001293462,0.000006672685,0.00001464884,0.00009150699,0.0002189984,0.001391801],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974717,0.00005650503,0.002104829,0.00002166969,0.000003705123,0.00001733329,0.00005835081,0.00005544114,0.000210604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009555444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004796982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005192023023686126,"score_gpt":0.2060824006579038,"score_spread":0.2008903776342177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}