{"id":"W4414101042","doi":"10.4039/tce.2025.10018","title":"Phenology of invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, <i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), and the role of resident natural enemies in its population regulation in Nova Scotia, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Entomologist","topic":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Nova Scotia","funders":"Parks Canada","keywords":"Phenology; Predation; Generalist and specialist species; Population; Invasive species; Context (archaeology); Introduced species; Biological pest control","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001160146,0.0001223242,0.0001026278,0.0006113155,0.0005272751,0.0004257433,0.0002160225,0.0001168379,0.0006093584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002484238,0.00007931536,0.00009635888,0.0002695298,0.0002834217,0.0001162483,0.0001678431,0.000220018,0.0001021684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002900764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001552557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7992122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9565983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999261,0.000005291242,0.000003444588,0.00002041506,0.00002015581,0.00002455163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994434,0.00004779346,0.0001109155,0.00001247362,0.0001969794,0.000188458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009178454,0.00004770656,0.9769633,0.00002557165,0.00002910145,0.0001516956,0.0008555835,0.0001379851,0.01760333,0.00004132645,0.0004631354,0.003589505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.854843e-7,0.000009587456,0.9995116,0.000001833101,0.000001729006,0.00001558753,0.0001772977,0.00005582405,0.00008294929,0.000001590267,0.0001404155,0.000001040171],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990545,0.00008328025,0.00003086022,0.0000145714,0.000001788439,0.000004830316,0.0002262918,0.000003018986,0.0005808097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991611,0.00005996861,0.00006308399,0.00001365565,0.000001077633,0.000002723806,0.0002047435,9.894623e-7,0.0004926774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2007878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4039405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004350679443974021,"score_gpt":0.1957472822844379,"score_spread":0.1913966028404639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}