{"id":"W4414106035","doi":"10.20944/preprints202509.0859.v1","title":"Polystyrene Nanoplastics Increase Macrophage Bactericidal Activity Through a Mechanism Involving Reactive Oxygen Species and Itaconate","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Armand Frappier Museum; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Polystyrene; Internalization; Reactive oxygen species; Intracellular; Nitric oxide; Flow cytometry; Macrophage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001219276,0.0004175002,0.0002292062,0.0002112858,0.0001147153,0.0002188649,0.000140454,0.000499367,0.0009192362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001500985,0.0001346211,0.0003654484,0.0001137259,0.0001778528,0.0002016711,0.0002198999,0.0002843355,0.0001760869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002147628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002614255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008114321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001101374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998165,0.00003357286,0.0000164819,0.00002504955,0.00007050826,0.00003790736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998735,0.00003105884,0.00003731895,0.000009348984,0.00003051431,0.00001818742],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006910839,0.00001806841,0.0001018084,0.00003080742,0.00000454922,0.00002410679,0.000005551201,0.00004550615,0.9991474,0.00001811838,0.00001592256,0.0005191272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008381738,0.0004258995,0.00293058,0.000005647802,0.00001380137,0.00005291181,0.00002169927,0.0006067757,0.9950663,0.00002002673,0.000843998,0.000003966755],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933553,0.002278737,0.002829212,0.0001279472,0.00003872933,0.00003478296,0.0001875413,0.00004844191,0.001099269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927695,0.001519154,0.00302182,0.0001373619,0.00001458045,0.00005389415,0.0002334229,0.000009121948,0.002241064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009192362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003075123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04719189256109663,"score_gpt":0.2744246424639534,"score_spread":0.2272327499028568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}